It's important to cover the basic terminology, and its corresponding functionality, that RxJS contains before proceeding to real examples.

Observer

You usually won't interact with the Observer object directly, as you'll likely interact with a Subject instead (which we cover below), but it's important to know what it does.

Observers allow you to "push" new data into an observable sequence. You can think of this as a "Write-only" way of modifying observable sequences (to go back to our analogy of assembly lines, observers can only add new cars onto an assembly line).

Observable

An Observable is what we can use to listen, aka subscribe, to new changes that are emitted by an Observer. Think of this as a "Read-only" assembly line (you can only observe when new cars come off the assembly line).

Subject

A Subject is simply an Observer and Observable. You can push new values as well as subscribe to it. Think of this as a "Read & Write" assembly line (you can both add cars onto the assembly line and observe cars that come off the assembly line).

Operators

The purpose of Operators in RxJS are the same as most operators in other programming languages/libraries: they allow you to perform operations on your code.

In RxJS, you can think of Operators as a way to manipulate the data coming from a Subject (or Observer) before it's sent to an Observable. This is the equivalent of instructing an assembly line to modify the car in a certain way (i.e. paint it black, shine it, etc) and then return it to the next assembly line.